THC may be the most popular and prominent compound in the cannabis plant, but it’s not the only one. In fact, there’s hundreds of compounds found in cannabis plants; the most common being cannabinoids and terpenes.
Terpenes in Cannabis
Terpenes are chemical compounds that naturally occur in plants, including cannabis. They’re to thank for the aromas, flavors, and even colors associated with cannabis, as well as the potential effects and therapeutic benefits.
400 known terpenes have been found within cannabis. However, only a limited number of terpenes have been studied and are known to have specific effects. Some of the most common and studied terpenes found in cannabis include limonene, linalool, myrcene, humulene, pinene, and caryophyllene. Potential effects include anxiety relief as well as mood-enhancing, sedative, antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-cancer properties.
Caryophyllene
One of the most common terpenes found in cannabis is caryophyllene, with a presence in the majority of strains at varying levels. Formally known as beta or b-caryophyllene, it has been one of the most studied terpenes due to its unique interaction with the human endocannabinoid system. This terpene is to thank for the herbal spiciness of cannabis, lending it notes of pepper and wood; as well as lending it many potential therapeutic benefits.
Let’s dive into everything that caryophyllene has to offer.
Caryophyllene: Aroma & Flavors
Aside from cannabis, caryophyllene is most commonly found in black pepper, cloves, hops, oregano, and cinnamon. It’s to thank for the pungent bite of cracked pepper, and lends cannabis similar properties; which users often describe as diesel and fuel. Caryophyllene is behind weed’s robust, spiced and musky scent. This smell is reminiscent of pepper and many other herbs and spices, such as oregano and basil.
Caryophyllene is found in many essential oils, including rosemary, black caraway, ylang ylang, basil, and clove. Further, it has been used in chewing gum as a flavoring agent, as well as detergents and skin products.
Photo by Pratiksha Mohanty on Unsplash
Caryophyllene: Effects & Benefits
What makes caryophyllene unique from all other terpenes is its ability to bind to cannabinoid receptors in the endocannabinoid system. The two major receptors are CB1, found in the brain and central nervous system, and CB2, found in our peripheral organs. When consumed orally, caryophyllene binds to CB2 receptors. While cannabinoids binding to CB1 receptors can produce euphoric effects, CB2 receptors are associated with more therapeutic benefits, such as reducing inflammation.
Caryophyllene is the only terpene that has the ability to bind to and activate a cannabinoid receptor.
Furthermore, caryophyllene is known for its potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and may help treat inflammatory bowel disease. Research has also found that it has the potential to improve symptoms of anxiety and depression.
Caryophyllene: Strains
If a cannabis strain has a strong spicy and musky punch, chances are it’s high in caryophyllene. The majority of strains contain at least a small amount, and there are many strains that are caryophyllene-dominant.
5 Strains That are Caryophyllene-Dominant
Girl Scout Cookies
Girl Scout Cookies, also known as GSC, is an incredibly popular cannabis strain. The indica-dominant hybrid strain is a cross between OG Kush and Durban Poison. It is known for its potentially strong euphoric effects and full-body relaxation, offering stress reduction and a boost in creativity and motivation. Medical patients look to Girl Scout Cookies for relief from chronic pain, appetite loss, nausea, anxiety, and depression.
GSC is highly potent, with around 19% THC, 1% CBG on average, and caryophyllene as its dominant terpene. It has collected many awards and accolades, cementing its legendary status in both the legal and black markets. Further, this cultivar is to thank for its many renowned offspring, including Thin Mint and Platinum GSC.
Purple Punch
Purple Punch is an indica strain that is produced by crossing two indica-dominant classics, Larry OG and Granddaddy Purple strains. The deep olive nugs are encompassed with splotches of purple throughout. This strain may offer a deeply relaxing experience, great for relief from anxiety, insomnia, and body aches. In addition to its usually high amount of THC, Purple Punch contains a high amount of caryophyllene.
Bubba Kush
Bubba Kush is a notorious indica strain known for its tranquilizing effects. Also known as BK or Bubba OG Kush, it emerged after an unknown indica strain was crossed with OG Kush. The unknown parent strain is thought to be Northern Lights, another popular indica strain. While its exact genetics are unknown, its properties suggest that it may be a descendent of the Afghani landrace strain.
With a high-potency level, Bubba Kush is said to produce full-body effects, such as powerful relaxation and a dreamy euphoria. Its dominant terpene, caryophyllene, lends it a skunky, spiced punch, further proving its pungent nature.
Chemdog
Chemdog, also spelled Chemdawg, is a hybrid strain that has become increasingly popular in recent years. This is due to its balanced spectrum of effects as well as being behind many other renowned strains. While its origins are unknown, it is the parent of many powerhouse strains like OG Kush and Sour Diesel. This strain tends to be incredibly potent, with a THC content usually around 18%; in addition to its dominant terpene, caryophyllene. Its effects are reported to be more energizing than relaxing, making it a go-to for anxiety relief without heavy sedation.
Gelato
Gelato is a popular strain made by crossing two other prevalent cultivars, Sunset Sherbet and Thin Mint Girl Scout Cookies. The evenly balanced hybrid is also commonly known as Larry Bird and Gelato #42. It has been reported to produce euphoric highs with feelings of relaxation, making it a go-to for those looking for relief from anxiety and depression. Medical patients also look to this potent strain for relief from insomnia, pain, and fatigue. Its dominant terpene, caryophyllene, lends it a pungent, spicy aroma, mixed with sweet flavors.
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