By 2025 the CBD industry is projected to hit $16 billion in the United States alone. Influencers and celebrities alike endorse CBD products from tinctures, to gummies, to vaporizers, to lotions. Many people advocate its use for managing pain, aiding in sleep, and relieving anxiety. Both the uses and ways to use CBD are growing, and thanks to the 2018 Farm Bill you’re now seeing it in more and more places. Despite its popularity, many people are still wondering, what is CBD?
In this post, we’ll not only define it, but we’ll cover the main product types you’ll be seeing and their scientifically-backed therapeutic uses.
What is CBD? (Cannabidiol)
CBD is a secondary metabolite produced by plants in the cannabis family. Secondary metabolites are molecules plants make that aren’t directly used for growth, but are required for the plant to survive. You’re likely familiar with a few of these molecules which include terpenes, caffeine, aspirin, and the psychoactive compound in the cannabis family, THC (tetrahydrocannabinol).
CBD is the acronym for cannabidiol, one of at least 100 cannabinoids isolated from these plants. Cannabinoids interact with the body’s own form of endocannabinoids (“endo” indicating “originating within the body”) via multiple receptors, enzymes, and pathways found in humans and other mammals as well as birds, amphibians, and fish. Evidence shows that the endocannabinoid system evolved almost 600 million years ago.
Why do plants make It?
Why did plants in the cannabis family begin producing CBD? Furthermore, why do mammals and other animals have ways to utilize cannabinoids? Put simply, plants that made CBD and other cannabinoids do so because it increases their chance of survival. Animals that are able to use plant chemicals like CBD may be better suited to survive and therefore pass the ability to their offspring. One theory is that plants in the cannabis family use animals to spread their seeds, and therefore producing molecules that make animals healthier, would increase the spread of seeds.
Although more research is needed to understand the mechanisms and impact that these molecules have on wellness, many people recognize their therapeutic value. You can try CBD products with or without THC. You will have to access products containing THC through your local dispensary.
Product Types
In recent years, we’ve made huge advances in cannabis processing and consumption methods, bringing a wide range of products containing CBD isolate or full-spectrum cannabinoids (including CBD and similar molecules). Products typically fall into the following categories, but there are always exceptions.
- CBD topicals are lotions, balms, or salves that deliver CBD directly through the skin. Myriad Wellness combines full spectrum CBD and essential oils to bring you synergistic relief.
- CBD tinctures or tonic liquid formulations that can be ingested or used topically. These products typically come in a glass bottle with a dosing dropper. Check out Foria’s Basic Tonic.
- CBD pills are oil-filled capsules or press-pills taken like a traditional supplement. Fairwinds has multiple formulations that include different THC/CBD ratios.
- CBD vaporizers allow consumers to consume CBD via inhalation and quickly experience effects. Wildflower vaporizers are available in dispensaries as well as online depending on THC content.
- Dabbable CBD oils are typically cannabis-derived hash oil, live resins, rosins, or shatters. Talk to a budtender about a strain like Harlequin.
Therapeutic Uses
Many claims have been made about the effects of CBD and full-spectrum cannabinoids. The FDA has already approved use for the treatment of certain conditions. CBD prescription drugs like Sativex®, Marinol, and Nabilone are approved for use by many European Union (EU) members. The list below summarizes the properties of CBD from a review of controlled clinical trials.
- Pain Management effects have been found in multiple studies. One study found elderly patients significantly reduced their use of prescription pain medication as a result of switching to CBD.
- Epilepsy is one of the most studied conditions for CBD treatment. Although results vary, many studies have shown significant anticonvulsant properties attributed to CBD.
- Neurodegenerative Disorders include Parkinson’s Disease, Alzheimer’s Disease, and Multiple Sclerosis. Multiple studies found significant increases in well-being and quality of life. The mechanism of CBD neuroprotection requires more research and evidence to say that cannabinoids have an effect on dementia symptoms or progression.
- PTSD symptoms in patients lessened in severity upon oral administration of CBD in one study, but more studies are necessary.
- Psoriasis & Skin Cancer may be treatable with CBD as one study showed it reduced the proliferation of skin cells.
- Sleep and Anxiety Disorders have been effectively treated by CBD in multiple studies. Social anxiety was significantly reduced by CBD alone and may help provide balance to patients.
Mindful Use
Despite these evidence-based findings, there are still many misgivings about CBD, its applications, and its therapeutic uses. Limited regulation requires you to be mindful of the CBD you purchase and what’s in each product formulation. Whether you decide to purchase CBD alone, or broad or full-spectrum, be sure to follow the legal guidelines for your area. If you’re unsure of what products are best for you, it’s always recommended that you reach out to a knowledgeable consultant.
Understanding CBD
Within your own community, educate those around you about CBD and its potential uses. Educating lawmakers will increase our ability to study CBD, THC, and other cannabinoids as well as increase access to those with treatable conditions. Luckily, the scientific community is becoming more interested in studying the therapeutic possibilities of CBD, increasing the potential for more uses to be discovered.
FAQ: CBD (Cannabidiol)
What is CBD?
CBD, short for cannabidiol, is one of more than 100 cannabinoids found in the cannabis plant. Unlike THC, CBD is non-intoxicating but may offer therapeutic benefits such as pain relief, reduced anxiety, and improved sleep.
Is CBD the same as THC?
No. THC is the psychoactive compound in cannabis that produces a high. CBD is non-psychoactive and is often chosen for its potential wellness benefits without intoxication.
What are the main CBD product types?
Common CBD products include CBD oil tinctures, gummies, topicals, capsules, vaporizers, and dabbable oils like live resin or shatter. Each method delivers CBD differently, affecting onset time and duration.
What is full-spectrum vs isolate CBD?
- CBD isolate is pure cannabidiol with no other cannabinoids.
- Full-spectrum CBD contains CBD along with other cannabinoids and terpenes, which may create the “entourage effect.”
- Broad-spectrum CBD includes multiple cannabinoids but typically removes THC.
What are the benefits of CBD?
Research suggests CBD may help with:
- Pain management
- Anxiety and sleep disorders
- Epilepsy and seizure control
- Neurodegenerative conditions (Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, MS)
- PTSD symptoms
- Skin conditions such as psoriasis
More studies are ongoing to confirm these therapeutic uses.
Is CBD legal?
Yes, CBD derived from hemp (containing less than 0.3% THC) was federally legalized in the United States under the 2018 Farm Bill. Regulations vary by state, so always check your local laws.
Can you get high from CBD?
No. CBD does not produce the intoxicating effects of THC. However, full-spectrum CBD products may contain trace amounts of THC, which could affect sensitive users.
Are there FDA-approved CBD medications?
Yes. The FDA has approved Epidiolex for seizures associated with epilepsy. Other CBD-based drugs like Sativex® and Nabilone are approved in parts of the EU and other countries.
Does CBD have side effects?
CBD is generally well-tolerated, but some people may experience dry mouth, drowsiness, appetite changes, or digestive discomfort. Always start with a low dose and consult your doctor if you take prescription medications.
How do I choose the right CBD product?
Look for lab-tested products that list CBD content, source, and whether they are isolate, broad-spectrum, or full-spectrum. Reading terpene and cannabinoid profiles can also help you pick products that match your goals.
What is the entourage effect?
The entourage effect is the idea that cannabinoids like CBD and THC, along with terpenes, work together to enhance therapeutic benefits. Full-spectrum CBD products are thought to best deliver this effect.
Can pets take CBD?
Yes, but only pet-formulated CBD products should be used. Some pet owners report benefits for anxiety, pain, or seizures, though research is limited. Always consult a veterinarian first.
How much CBD should I take?
Dosage varies depending on body weight, product type, and desired effects. Many people start with 5–10mg of CBD per dose and increase gradually as needed.
